Journal: World Journal of Urology

Article Title: High procalcitonin in Gram-negative urosepsis: indicator of immune modulation rather than poor outcome

doi: 10.1007/s00345-026-06199-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCT inhibits the LPS and ATP-induced IL-1β release. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 ng/ml, 3 h) and activated with 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5′-triphosphate (BzATP; 100 µM, 30 min). The release of interleukin (IL)−1β to the cell culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). a . Increasing procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations were added to the LPS-primed cells shortly before stimulation with BzATP. IL-1β levels obtained after stimulation with LPS and BzATP were set to 100%, and all other values were calculated accordingly. Data are presented as individual data points from 5 individual subjects ( n = 5), the columns represent median, whiskers encompass the 25th to 75th percentile. * p < 0.05, different from cells stimulated with LPS and BzATP, Friedman-test followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. b . IL-1β levels after stimulation with LPS alone and with LPS + BzATP, prior to normalization ( n = 5). Data points from individual patients are connected by lines.

Article Snippet: PBMCs were separated on Leucosep gradients (Greiner Bio-One, Germany) after priming with 5 ng/ml LPS from Escherichia coli (L2654, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), then stimulated with BzATP (100 μM), an agonist of the ATP-sensitive P2X7 receptor [ ], in the presence or absence of recombinant human PCT (R&D Systems, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay